Where to get well water tested
There are three main routes, and official sources point to each:
1. Your local health department
The EPA says your local health department may provide private well testing for free, and can tell you what substances are common in your area's groundwater. [source]
2. A state-certified laboratory
The EPA says to only use laboratories certified for drinking water testing, and to contact your state certified laboratory program or local health department to find one. [source]
3. A state or university program
Some states run subsidized programs, for example Virginia's drinking water clinics ($70 per kit) [source] and Penn State's lab (standard package $60). [source]
What to test for every year
EPA: total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH, annually; test other contaminants if you suspect them. [source]
Test right away if…
- there are known groundwater problems in your area
- conditions near your well changed (flooding, land disturbance, new construction or industry)
- you replaced or repaired any part of the well system
- your water's odor, color or taste changed [source]
State guides
| State | Key official option |
|---|---|
| Virginia | VAHWQP drinking water clinics, $70/kit |
| Pennsylvania | Penn State AASL, packages $60–$220 |
| New Jersey | Testing required by law at sale or lease (PWTA) |
| New York | Use an ELAP-certified lab; bacteria yearly |
| Maryland | State-certified lab; MDE certified lab list |
Other states
We're adding states one at a time. Until yours is live, start with your local health department and your state's certified laboratory list, per EPA guidance. [source]
FAQ
How often should I test my well water?
The EPA recommends testing a private well every year for total coliform bacteria, nitrates, total dissolved solids and pH.
Can I get my well water tested for free?
The EPA says your local health department may provide private well testing for free. Availability varies, so contact your local health department.
What kind of lab should I use?
The EPA says to only use laboratories certified to do drinking water testing.
Sources
- US EPA – Protect Your Home's Water (accessed 2026-10-21)
- Virginia Household Water Quality Program (Virginia Tech/VCE) (accessed 2026-10-21)
- Penn State AASL – Drinking Water Testing (fees) (accessed 2026-10-21)
Informational only, not health, medical, legal or real-estate advice. Programs and fees change; confirm with the official source. See our disclaimer and affiliate disclosure.